IDA has a file loader named ‘hex’ which mainly supports loading of text-based file formats such as Intel Hex or Motorola S-Record. These formats contain records with addresses and data in hexadecimal encoding.
For example, here’s a fragment of an Intel Hex file:
:18000000008F9603008FD801008FDC01008FE001008FE401008FE80190
:20004000008FEC01008FF001008FF401008FF801008FFC01008F0002008F0402008F08024D
:20006000008F0C02008F1002008F1402008F1802008F1C02008F2002008F2402008F280228
:14008000008F2C02008F3002008F3402008F3802008F3C0293
:1000A000008F4002008F4402008F4802008F4C02F4
:20010000008F5002008F5402008F5802008F5C02008F6002008F6402008F680243204C694C
:20012000627261727920436F707972696768742028432920313939352048492D5445434818
or an S-Record
S0030000FC
S1230100810F0016490F0016816F8A0A0F00000098300016B2310016BC3300168E0D0016A7
S1230108280F00169A2900168A00F001866000080400000018230016792200160C00000032
S12301109800E00182A09E0B8000C2012A38001608000000EA3100163A380016FA310016CA
S1230118FF250016BE21001600000000182200169A0100169C330016F9C010010D000000D7
However, you may also have a simple unformatted hex dump, […]
Last week we started improving decompilation of a simple function. While you can go quite far with renaming and retyping, some things need more explanation than a simple renamng could provide.
Comments
When you can’t come up with a good name for a variable or a function, you can add a comment with an explanation or […]
Previously we’ve covered how to start using the decompiler, but unmodified decompiler output is not always easy to read, especially if the binary doesn’t have symbols or debug information. However, with just a few small amendments you can improve the results substantially. Let’s look at some basic interactive operations available in the pseudocode view.
Renaming
Although […]
IDA supports more than 40 file formats out of box. Most of them are structured file formats – with defined headers and metadata – so they’re recognized and handled automatically by IDA. However, there are times when all you have is just a piece of a code without any headers (e.g. shellcode or raw firmware) […]
The Hex-Rays decompiler is one of the most powerful add-ons available for IDA. While it’s quite intuitive once you get used to it, it may be non-obvious how to start using it.
Basic information
As of the time of writing (May 2021), the decompiler is not included with the standard IDA Pro license; some editions of IDA […]
The Edit > Export Data command (Shift+E) offers you several formats for extracting the selected data from the database:
hex string (unspaced): 4142434400
hex string (spaced): 41 42 43 44 00
string literal: ABCD
C unsigned char array (hex):
unsigned char aAbcd[] =
{
0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x00
};
C unsigned char array (decimal):
unsigned char aAbcd[] =
{
65, 66, […]
In addition to the disassembly and decompilation (Pseudocode) views, IDA also allows you to see the actual, raw bytes behind the program’s instructions and data. This is possible using the Hex view, one of the views opened by default (or available in the View > Open subviews menu).
Even if you’ve used it before, there may […]
Although IDA is mostly intended to be used for static analysis, i.e. simply looking at unaltered binaries, there are times you do need to make some changes. For example, you can use it to fix up some obfuscated instructions to clean up the code flow or decompiler output, or change some constants used in the […]
List views (also called choosers or table views) are used in many places in IDA to show lists of different kind of information. For example, the Function list we’ve covered previously is an example of a list view. Many windows opened via the View > Open subviews menu are list views:
Exports
Imports
Names
Strings
Segments
Segment registers
Selectors
Signatures
Type libraries
Local types
Problems
Patched […]
Name mangling (also called name decoration) is a technique used by compilers to implement some of the features required by the language. For example, in C++ it is used to distinguish functions with the same name but different arguments (function overloading), as well as to support namespaces, templates, and other purposes.
Mangled names often end up in the […]
